Science was the authority in the modern world. People would try to prove their points by referring to science, even when there is no supporting evidence. Unfortunately, many people really do not understand what science is, and others use the word to deceive. Today in the postmodern world, science does not have the same authority, because each person is his own authority. Today, each person decides what facts they want to believe, and what facts they do not want to believe. Reason and rational critical thinking have taken a back seat to one’s own feelings.
Science is a discipline that builds and organizes knowledge about the universe. Modern science has two major branches: the natural sciences, which study the physical world, and the social sciences, which study individuals and societies. Some include a third branch called “formal sciences” which includes mathematics and logic, but this branch does not use the scientific method, so I would not include it. I would say the “formal sciences” are part of the foundation of science.
Science uses the scientific method. It can vary a little but scientists tend to follow these steps.
- Make observations;
- Research the topic and develop questions;
- Formulate hypothesis for determining the cause;
- Test the hypothesis by making testable predictions;
- Collect and analyze the observations;
- Develop conclusions based on the evidence;
- If the data support the hypothesis then consider refining the hypothesis and returning to step 4.
- If the data do not support the hypothesis then reject the hypothesis and return to step 1.
- Publish the hypothesis and the results so that others can learn and replicate the results.
Note the scientific method does not prove anything to be true. Instead the scientific method is about proving things false. That said, there are hypotheses that have stood the test of time over and over again that are considered to be true. Newton’s Laws, which are used everyday and have been used for centuries, can be considered facts, but even Newton’s Laws needed to be refined after some observations were found in some special cases. Newton’s Laws were refined by Einstein with his Theory of Relativity. (The refinement does not affect our everyday use of Newton’s Laws.)
Science works because we have a God who is consistent and rational in his actions. On rare occasions, God may do something out of the ordinary and those occasions are known as supernatural events. Science needs to ignore the existence of God, because if I drop a pencil the pencil will go wherever God wants it to go, but the fact that God is consistent and rational means we can assume the pencil will fall to the ground. This means science is not at odds with God. It also means that science has a limited view of reality. Science cannot see the supernatural.
And it needs to be noted that science describes the how and not the why something happens. We usually equate the how to the why and that is useful but it is not totally accurate. On earth a falling apple may be increasing its downward speed at 9.8 meters per second for every second (due to gravity), but that is describing how the apple is falling and not why the apple is falling. (John was mad and threw the apple over the cliff.)
Some people say they believe in science and not in God. They are not understanding what science is. They may be believing the philosophies of scientism or methodological naturalism, but it is more likely they have created their own philosophy of life and have pulled in the parts of science they like into their worldview. This is more true today in our postmodern society than it was in the modern era. People today are less likely to acknowledge the findings of science they disagree with, because they are their own authority.
We are not rational people, not anymore (if we were ever all that rational). A Barna survey showed that most Americans base truth on their feelings. A Gallup survey says 70% of our decisions are based on emotions and only 30% of decisions are rational. (Think of the automobile ads on TV. They play to your emotions without giving you any specs.) Science belongs to the modern era, so in the postmodern era science will have a smaller role in society. Today the modern “Rational Human” is being replaced by the postmodern “Self-Determined Human”.








